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doc-exports/docs/dws/umn/dws_01_0171.html
Lu, Huayi 95132e24fc DWS UMN 830.201_new version 
Reviewed-by: Pruthi, Vineet <vineet.pruthi@t-systems.com>
Reviewed-by: Rechenburg, Matthias <matthias.rechenburg@t-systems.com>
Co-authored-by: Lu, Huayi <luhuayi@huawei.com>
Co-committed-by: Lu, Huayi <luhuayi@huawei.com>
2024-05-27 11:54:34 +00:00

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<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549"></a>
<h1 class="topictitle1">Using the Python Library PyGreSQL to Connect to a Cluster</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p458821416515">After creating a data warehouse cluster and using the third-party function library PyGreSQL to connect to the cluster, you can use Python to access GaussDB(DWS) and perform various operations on data tables.</p>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_section5781841515252"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Preparations Before Connecting to a Cluster</h4><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_ul45554082154819"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li26944207154837">An EIP has been bound to the data warehouse cluster.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li15641651154819">You have obtained the administrator username and password for logging in to the database in the data warehouse cluster.<div class="p" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4241153345010"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li15641651154819"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li15641651154819"></a>MD5 algorithms may by vulnerable to collision attacks and cannot be used for password verification. Currently, GaussDB(DWS) uses the default security design. By default, MD5 password verification is disabled, and this may cause failures of connections from open source clients. You are advised to set <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b75735820911">password_encryption_type</strong> to <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1057388395">1</strong>. For details, see "Modifying Database Parameters" in <em id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__i95743819917">User Guide</em>.<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_note0736103131316"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_ul622991113241"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li7230131152410">For security purposes, GaussDB(DWS) no longer uses MD5 to store password digests by default. As a result, the open-source drives and clients may fail to connect to the database. To use the MD5 algorithm used in an open-source protocol, you must modify your password policy and create a new user, or change the password of an existing user.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li82301611172414">The database stores the hash digest of passwords instead of password text. During password verification, the system compares the hash digest with the password digest sent from the client (salt operations are involved). If you change your cryptographic algorithm policy, the database cannot generate a new hash digest for your existing password. For connectivity purposes, you must manually change your password or create a new user. The new password will be encrypted using the hash algorithm and stored for authentication in the next connection.</li></ul>
</div></div>
</div>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li21675327154819">You have obtained the public network address, including the IP address and port number in the data warehouse cluster. For details, see <a href="dws_01_0033.html">Obtaining the Cluster Connection Address</a>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li1063531922419">You have installed the third-party function library PyGreSQL.<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15638162832413"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li1063531922419"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li1063531922419"></a>Download address: <a href="http://www.pygresql.org/download/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.pygresql.org/download/index.html</a></p>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li324310331382">For details about the installation and deployment operations, see <a href="http://www.pygresql.org/contents/install.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.pygresql.org/contents/install.html</a><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_note776310276369"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_ul1512511484239"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li912634815237">In CentOS and Red Hat OS, run the following <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1054421592216">yum</strong> command:<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen18567144015222"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">yum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">install</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyGreSQL</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li161261148132311">PyGreSQL depends on the libpq dynamic library of PostgreSQL (32-bit or 64-bit version, whichever matches the PyGreSQL bit version). In Linux, you can run the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b6283192015229">yum</strong> command and do not need to install the library. Before using PyGreSQL in Windows, you need to install libpq in either of the following ways:<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_ul196345832320"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li121251048182311">Install PostgreSQL and configure the libpq, ssl, and crypto dynamic libraries in the environment variable <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1080041211237">PATH</strong>.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li212634811234">Install <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b37211424112212">psqlodbc</strong> and use the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b97262241222">libpq</strong>,<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b572722411222"> ssl</strong>, and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1272712242223">crypto </strong>dynamic libraries carried by the PostgreSQL ODBC driver.</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</div></div>
</li></ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_section346571443710"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constraints</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p145631431373">PyGreSQL is a PostgreSQL-based client interface, and its functions are not fully supported by GaussDB(DWS). For details, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_table12568181118545">Table 1</a>.</p>
<div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_note6957181343811"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p39227294383">The following APIs are supported based on Python 3.8.5 and PyGreSQL 5.2.4.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_table12568181118545"></a><a name="en-us_topic_0000001372679778_table12568181118545"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_table12568181118545" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>PyGreSQL APIs supported by DWS</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1880714111545"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" colspan="2" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48071211155418">PyGreSQL</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2080716112546">Yes</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" id="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13807811195419"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b8875324721095">Remarks</strong></p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1980791120545"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="24" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1980791145413">Module functions and constants</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p080751118548">connect – Open a PostgreSQL connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1480751110548">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p580710115542">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row19807201175419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p19808111117542">get_pqlib_version – get the version of libpq</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1980831110547">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p138081011115410">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row11808811175413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p158087117546">get/set_defhost – default server host [DV]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6808131105413">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p580881175419">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row88081911135419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p7808211185420">get/set_defport – default server port [DV]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p158081711105417">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1808131113542">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1380861155418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1180841185419">get/set_defopt – default connection options [DV]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p108081111115418">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p168081911155417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row88081511165415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p12808201195410">get/set_defbase – default database name [DV]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p88084118541">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1680861155414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row168087115547"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p198081711165414">get/set_defuser – default database user [DV]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p880871105415">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p208089112548">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1280851115546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2808141195416">get/set_defpasswd – default database password [DV]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p168085117546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p19808511185419">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row8808121111547"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18082011105415">escape_string – escape a string for use within SQL</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3808111116545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1180991175420">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row480941185417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p180951117549">escape_bytea – escape binary data for use within SQL</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p178097112546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3810161165419">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1981031111549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1981071155412">unescape_bytea – unescape data that has been retrieved as text</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p8810161110544">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1181021115413">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row88101411135411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17810111116541">get/set_namedresult – conversion to named tuples</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p168106114549">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16810211105416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1081071114549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16810141119548">get/set_decimal – decimal type to be used for numeric values</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p181061185413">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p128104111549">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row158101811155411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p181011115417">get/set_decimal_point – decimal mark used for monetary values</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16810611195420">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1781041155411">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1181015119547"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18810201145411">get/set_bool – whether boolean values are returned as bool objects</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p781031116541">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16810811195416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row28101111135411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p181091195415">get/set_array – whether arrays are returned as list objects</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4810141125419">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1681051115412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row3810161110542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13810151110548">get/set_bytea_escaped – whether bytea data is returned escaped</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10810131111546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p198101111185413">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row18810171112546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p381071115546">get/set_jsondecode – decoding JSON format</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6810101111541">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p38101111105411">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row148111311155418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p481161135415">get/set_cast_hook – fallback typecast function</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4811211205413">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1281117114543">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row13811111113549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13811121165412">get/set_datestyle – assume a fixed date style</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1581181118545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1811201125416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1281121175414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p19811111112546">get/set_typecast – custom typecasting</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p178111411105412">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p58111511135412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row19811151118545"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p981131195416">cast_array/record – fast parsers for arrays and records</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2811101165417">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p28113118544">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row7811121105414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1481101110548">Type helpers</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p68111911195413">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3811141195417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row3811151195412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18118111542">Module constants</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1681131110549">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p7811111135411">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row12811181119547"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="25" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1081112117547">Connection – The connection object</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p178111911115418">query – execute a SQL command string</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p198118119541">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1181115119547">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row081101125412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2081116116548">send_query - executes a SQL command string asynchronously</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p8811511175412">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1381171120548">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row148121011155412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1881261112546">query_prepared – execute a prepared statement</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p198120115548">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18123114546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row11812101114546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48121411155417">prepare – create a prepared statement</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4812111115411">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5812101185415">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1481218113548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2812171114547">describe_prepared – describe a prepared statement</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17812191175417">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p98122114546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1781291135415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13812511135412">reset – reset the connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p118121311165411">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16812711175414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row281261175413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15812141185411">poll - completes an asynchronous connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p781210113548">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1781201165413">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row681271112549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p281217114548">cancel – abandon processing of current SQL command</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5812101135411">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3812191112540">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row19812191135413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p12812191119542">close – close the database connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1781291112542">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1481210115549">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row08121111175416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1081214117549">transaction – get the current transaction state</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1081217116543">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p081216113545">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row3812161145414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5813411125417">parameter – get a current server parameter setting</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p88137119548">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1813011145416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1181351115417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2813201155416">date_format – get the currently used date format</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1781321112547">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1813171111547">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row17813101155411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p981310115543">fileno – get the socket used to connect to the database</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1781381113548">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1681361175414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1081391135413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p38131211115410">set_non_blocking - set the non-blocking status of the connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p481381120540">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1881381125418">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row118131611165414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1881341115410">is_non_blocking - report the blocking status of the connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2081319119547">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p281311115543">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row18131711125420"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p481321185411">getnotify – get the last notify from the server</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p78131115542">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1181314115549">The database does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b0704117132510">listen</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1470417712516">notify</strong>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1181321105412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p188131511115414">inserttable – insert a list into a table</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4813141111541">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1381341115411">Use double quotation marks ("") to quote <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b84235270610630">\n</strong> in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b8423527061078">copy</strong> command.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row481341111549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p20813111117548">get/set_notice_receiver – custom notice receiver</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4813171111549">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1881371118545">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row28132112545"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p98139112542">putline – write a line to the server socket [DA]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p188147117546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1281411119544">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row18141511115416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5814141155416">getline – get a line from server socket [DA]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17814131145418">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13814111112549">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row13814161113549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16814911125416">endcopy – synchronize client and server [DA]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p148141211135414">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18142011105419">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row19814161114548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p88143119546">locreate – create a large object in the database [LO]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p281421113545">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5814121155417">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row58142119543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1814171114543">getlo – build a large object from given oid [LO]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p081411119542">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10814111115542">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row19814131114540"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p281401175411">loimport – import a file to a large object [LO]</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48141911195410">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p681481112540">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row9814121125418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17814121119541">Object attributes</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15814121175417">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p981411125417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row7814121185417"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="29" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p198146114547">The DB wrapper class</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4814191195419">Initialization</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p118141311115411">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5814911175412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1381420114548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p681401145420">pkey – return the primary key of a table</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1281515115548">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15815111114547">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row8815191165413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13815211125419">get_databases – get list of databases in the system</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13815141115410">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13815111111546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row17815211125416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1181516112541">get_relations – get list of relations in connected database</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p118150115549">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p148151211105412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1781581185418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p181501125417">get_tables – get list of tables in connected database</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18815141112543">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p281519113544">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row128151311175411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p128155114541">get_attnames – get the attribute names of a table</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48157116544">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10815111105410">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row168151911155415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10815211185410">has_table_privilege – check table privilege</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p481561113542">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p148155119547">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row198151211165415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p178151114544">get/set_parameter – get or set run-time parameters</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p781671112549">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10816811135417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row3816511205414"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1816151155412">begin/commit/rollback/savepoint/release – transaction handling</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1081611113540">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10816411165417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row20816171110546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4816811135410">get – get a row from a database table or view</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p11816111115541">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p481611119548">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row158161311105417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1881741112543">insert – insert a row into a database table</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1381713111545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16817111175416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row481721115543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1981781110543">update – update a row in a database table</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p168175114541">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p9817171125419">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row178174116549"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p98171811145414">upsert – insert a row with conflict resolution</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p981761145412">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p118171711165419">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row4817131113542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17817111155417">query – execute a SQL command string</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1181721165415">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p128171611135414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row148171911135418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15817131165418">query_formatted – execute a formatted SQL command string</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3817811125416">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p88171011105416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row8817141112548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1581721185414">query_prepared – execute a prepared statement</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p381721105412">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p19817171155413">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row4817101111541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p68171511205410">prepare – create a prepared statement</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17817611145414">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6817121116543">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row17817211175412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p181716115549">describe_prepared – describe a prepared statement</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p481731165411">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10817161125413">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row14817191135411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p981751116548">delete_prepared – delete a prepared statement</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1081814119546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2818911175413">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row148181011135410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p881813117543">clear – clear row values in memory</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p148189117548">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2818181175416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row148181114545"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p11818141175412">delete – delete a row from a database table</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3818111105410">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p28181611155419">A tuple must have unique key or primary key.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1081810118541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4818131175414">truncate – quickly empty database tables</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13818191116546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p38181111175412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row11818121195415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1681851117541">get_as_list/dict – read a table as a list or dictionary</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p198184119547">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1481811111546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1081881118548"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p28183118544">escape_literal/identifier/string/bytea – escape for SQL</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6818181119546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p681841110541">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1981861114541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p168181711205411">unescape_bytea – unescape data retrieved from the database</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p14818161155418">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3818131105414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row17818131115544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1981820111545">encode/decode_json – encode and decode JSON data</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1581871135415">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p168181115542">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1381851135413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p981831155413">use_regtypes – determine use of regular type names</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p08191711185419">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p158191611155412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row9819181115547"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p98191211165414">notification_handler – create a notification handler</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p581921119549">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p11819151175416">The database does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b4170131814251">listen</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b217191810254">notify</strong>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row481913119540"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1881918115541">Attributes of the DB wrapper class</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p8819611165419">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p138191411135413">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row15819711105419"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="11" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p19819511145413">Query methods</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p881961195415">getresult – get query values as list of tuples</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1181913112545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13819151185418">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1681961165410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p781931175410">dictresult/dictiter – get query values as dictionaries</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p881951120546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p581914116548">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row98191411115418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1481911118544">namedresult/namediter – get query values as named tuples</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6819131115546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p188191116547">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1381951145411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p128198115543">scalarresult/scalariter – get query values as scalars</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1281971185417">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p188192116547">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row58196114541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p148198118543">one/onedict/onenamed/onescalar – get one result of a query</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1981971115410">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p681981135416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row108198118547"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1381910115546">single/singledict/singlenamed/singlescalar – get single result of a query</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18819121165420">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15820131113546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row198201811175416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p11820121118544">listfields – list fields names of previous query result</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p158202011195413">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4820111165417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row128201611145419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p12820171195412">fieldname, fieldnum – field name/number conversion</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p782071115413">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16820181110548">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row188201511195417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17820141111545">fieldinfo – detailed info about query result fields</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1582018115544">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5820411195418">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row18820191115418"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1082061113545">ntuples – return number of tuples in query object</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48209110546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p482012110546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row28204115545"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p12820141117549">memsize – return number of bytes allocated by query result</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16820151115546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16820611115416">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1820191115415"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="6" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48207115546">LargeObject – Large Objects</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1982012119543">open – open a large object</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p19820151165416">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p582015115548">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row16820181125417"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1382013114542">close – close a large object</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10820211105414">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1820511205419">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row38201411125411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p8820201120548">read, write, tell, seek, unlink – file-like large object handling</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p882071145417">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p9821191145419">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1482141165410"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1382151135416">size – get the large object size</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18211111165412">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6821211105412">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row158211911125415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p188211511105420">export – save a large object to a file</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1582116113544">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1482117113542">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row68211911135415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15821161111542">Object attributes</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6821101155420">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p3821131195416">Operations related to large objects</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row782118112543"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="4" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p88210117549">The Notification Handler</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1082161135413">Instantiating the notification handler</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p14821111145411">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18821191111543">The database does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b7752224162519">listen</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b67530245256">notify</strong>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row178211011105415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1782191113541">Invoking the notification handler</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15821911115416">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p2082101135417">The database does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b17719142812518">listen</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b14719328152519">notify</strong>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row0822311165415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p98227115547">Sending notifications</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10822611185414">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p20822161195414">The database does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b12535429102517">listen</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1653611293258">notify</strong>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row682271155419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18822911125412">Auxiliary methods</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p88227117543">N</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18822911185415">The database does not support <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b233373010257">listen</strong>/<strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1033493072518">notify</strong>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row982261110542"><td class="cellrowborder" colspan="4" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17822711195417"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_b1182241125413">pgdb</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row19822111110548"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="4" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p4822111113541">Module functions and constants</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1822151119542">connect – Open a PostgreSQL connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p182281118545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p682211117549">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row11822121113542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p198231911125419">get/set/reset_typecast – Control the global typecast functions</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13823111105418">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p208231611165414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row2823111117543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p082315115545">Module constants</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p8823171120546">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1282311111545">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row3823211185412"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p148236114547">Errors raised by this module</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1182331118545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p782391111542">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row17823121116548"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="5" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1823181116549">Connection – The connection object</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5823181118549">close – close the connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1382331175416">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p582361110543">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row15823161110543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48236111540">commit – commit the connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p11823171165415">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p98231411115417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row48237118545"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p118237112542">rollback – roll back the connection</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p38231111175417">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p282391105414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1682311195416"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p882301115541">cursor – return a new cursor object</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18823311155419">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p188238115542">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row12823171118540"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p98231115549">Attributes that are not part of the standard</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18823181114544">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p982441115419">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row382411114543"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="11" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18241911185410">Cursor – The cursor object</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p782441114544">description – details regarding the result columns</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p11824911115415">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1782419112543">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row128247110546"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p8824201115545">rowcount – number of rows of the result</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p17824181120549">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1824011105411">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row13824411125411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p14824811205415">close – close the cursor</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6824161125413">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1182431114547">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row148246118540"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p108241311175412">execute – execute a database operation</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p582418118545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6824911155418">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row14824191115541"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p382415119546">executemany – execute many similar database operations</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p28243118547">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5824011175417">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row28241911205413"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p6824171175415">callproc – Call a stored procedure</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1824131115542">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p28243118546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row20824311115419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p12824121185412">fetchone – fetch next row of the query result</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1382419110543">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p8824911145412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row68251511125415"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p18825181155420">fetchmany – fetch next set of rows of the query result</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p16825191111545">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p48258118548">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row8825211145411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p282571113545">fetchall – fetch all rows of the query result</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p082511115410">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1482521119544">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row1382511110543"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p178250115544">arraysize - the number of rows to fetch at a time</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p982541115412">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p108251911195412">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row4825211195411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p082521165418">Methods and attributes that are not part of the standard</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p282510111544">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p282515115540">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row15825201111543"><td class="cellrowborder" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="15%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p12825121195416">Type – Type objects and constructors</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="65%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p15825121175416">Type constructors</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p168251811105411">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="10%" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.3 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p20825191118546">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_row0825161119542"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p682541145410">Type objects</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.1 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p5825101185411">Y</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" headers="mcps1.3.3.4.2.5.1.2 "><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p13825411105414">-</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_section1331571718565"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Using the Third-Party Function Library PyGreSQL to Connect to a Cluster (Linux)</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_ol84538175566"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li16453181785617"><span>Log in to the Linux environment as user <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b1945319177562">root</strong>.</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li134531517105615"><span>Run the following command to create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b15161404551095">python_dws.py</strong> file:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen1453141714562"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">vi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">python_dws</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p9453121735611">Copy and paste the following content to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b20807506671095">python_dws.py</strong> file:</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen945341711567"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="normal">96</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">#!/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">python3</span>
<span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">utf</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">_</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__future__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print_function</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to create table&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;drop table if exists test;&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;create table test(id int, name text);&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Table created successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to insert data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(1,'number1');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(2,'number2');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(3,'number3');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Insert data successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to update data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;update test set name = 'numberupdated' where id=1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows updated :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test order by 1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getresult</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Update, Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to delete data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;delete from test where id=3;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows deleted :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test order by 1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getresult</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Delete,Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to select data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test order by 1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getresult</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__name__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DB</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'10.154.70.231'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'gaussdb'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connected</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'dbadmin'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Connect database failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Opened database successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p10455717195615">Alternatively, use the dbapi interface.</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen34551117185618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="normal"> 84</span>
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<span class="normal"> 90</span>
<span class="normal"> 91</span>
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<span class="normal"> 94</span>
<span class="normal"> 95</span>
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<span class="normal">103</span>
<span class="normal">104</span>
<span class="normal">105</span>
<span class="normal">106</span>
<span class="normal">107</span>
<span class="normal">108</span>
<span class="normal">109</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">#!/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">python</span>
<span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-*-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coding</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UTF</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-*-</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__future__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print_function</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span>
<span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgdb</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to create table&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;drop table if exists test;&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;create table test(id int, name text);&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Table created successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to insert data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(1,'number1');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(2,'number2');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(3,'number3');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Insert data successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to update data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;update test set name = 'numberupdated' where id=1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows updated :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowcount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Update, Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to delete data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;delete from test where id=3;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows deleted :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowcount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Delete,Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to select data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__name__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'10.154.70.231'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'8000'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'gaussdb'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connected</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'dbadmin'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Connect database failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Opened database successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li10457317175612"><span>Change the public network address, cluster port number, database name, database username, and database password in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b17108331441095">python_dws.py</strong> file based on the actual cluster information.</span><p><div class="note" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_note711295614298"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p191121156142915">The PyGreSQL API does not provide the connection retry capability. You need to implement the retry processing in the service code.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen184571317185617"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
<span class="normal">2</span>
<span class="normal">3</span>
<span class="normal">4</span>
<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'10.154.70.231'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'8000'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'gaussdb'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connected</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'dbadmin'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li13457191711568"><span>Run the following command to connect to the cluster using the third-party function library PyGreSQL:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen0457111725614"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">python_dws</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</p></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_section17342517105618"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Using the Third-Party Function Library PyGreSQL to Connect to a Cluster (Windows)</h4><ol id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_ol7457161795611"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li1445761718565"><span>In the Windows operating system, click the <span class="uicontrol" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__uicontrol7126929441095"><b>Start</b></span> button, enter <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b14126770151095">cmd</strong> in the search box, and click <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b550145281095">cmd.exe</strong> in the result list to open the command-line interface (CLI).</span></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li18457181745613"><span>In the CLI, run the following command to create the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b6958535811095">python_dws.py</strong> file:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen10457201705618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nul</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">python_dws</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p545771785617">Copy and paste the following content to the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b754496281095">python_dws.py</strong> file:</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen1245721716561"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="normal">96</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">#!/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">python3</span>
<span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">encoding</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">utf</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">_</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__future__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print_function</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to create table&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;drop table if exists test;&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;create table test(id int, name text);&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Table created successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to insert data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(1,'number1');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(2,'number2');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(3,'number3');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Insert data successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to update data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;update test set name = 'numberupdated' where id=1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows updated :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test order by 1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getresult</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Update, Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to delete data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;delete from test where id=3;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows deleted :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test order by 1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getresult</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Delete,Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to select data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test order by 1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getresult</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__name__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">DB</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'10.154.70.231'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8000</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'gaussdb'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connected</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'dbadmin'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Connect database failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Opened database successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p846091745612">Alternatively, use the dbapi interface.</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen18460717155618"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="normal">109</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="o">#!/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">python</span>
<span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-*-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coding</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UTF</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-*-</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__future__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print_function</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span>
<span class="n">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgdb</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to create table&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;drop table if exists test;&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;create table test(id int, name text);&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Table created successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to insert data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(1,'number1');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(2,'number2');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;insert into test values(3,'number3');&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Insert data successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to update data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;update test set name = 'numberupdated' where id=1;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows updated :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowcount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Update, Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to delete data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;delete from test where id=3;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Total number of rows deleted :&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rowcount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;After Delete,Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="n">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Begin to select data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">connection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select * from test;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;id = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;name = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">&quot;\n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;select failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Operation done successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">cursor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__name__</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'10.154.70.231'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'8000'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'gaussdb'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connected</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'dbadmin'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">except</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InternalError</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ex</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Connect database failed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">&quot;Opened database successfully&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">select_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">update_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">delete_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li174622177566"><span>Change the public network address, cluster port number, database name, database username, and database password in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__b302894275">python_dws.py</strong> file based on the actual cluster information.</span><p><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_p1846210177564">The PyGreSQL API does not provide the connection retry capability. You need to implement the retry processing in the service code.</p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen4462161713564"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
<span class="normal">2</span>
<span class="normal">3</span>
<span class="normal">4</span>
<span class="normal">5</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pgdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'10.154.70.231'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'8000'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">database</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'gaussdb'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">be</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">connected</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'dbadmin'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">#</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Database</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">user</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">password</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</p></li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_li14462917175615"><span>Run the following command to connect to the cluster using the third-party function library PyGreSQL:</span><p><div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001707254549__en-us_topic_0000001372679778_screen94623172567"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">python_dws</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</p></li></ol>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="familylinks">
<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_01_0131.html">Cluster Connection</a></div>
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