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rds_umn

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Reviewed-by: Wagner, Fabian <fabian.wagner@t-systems.com>
Co-authored-by: wangdengke2 <wangdengke2@huawei.com>
Co-committed-by: wangdengke2 <wangdengke2@huawei.com>
This commit is contained in:
Wang , Deng Ke
2026-02-05 14:42:55 +00:00
committed by zuul
parent 03e77f3e5b
commit ac787f42f1
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<a name="rds_01_0020"></a><a name="rds_01_0020"></a>
<h1 class="topictitle1">DB Instance Storage Types</h1>
<div id="body1572250937727"><p id="rds_01_0020__p141541598377">The database system is generally an important part of an IT system and has high requirements on storage I/O performance. You can select a storage type based on service demands. You cannot change the storage type after the DB instance is created.</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_01_0020__section19617114611142"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Description</h4><p id="rds_01_0020__p15502173814215">RDS supports <strong id="rds_01_0020__b19431182655313">Cloud SSD and </strong><strong id="rds_01_0020__b1634810413416">Extreme SSD</strong> to suit different performance requirements of your workloads.</p>
<ul id="rds_01_0020__ul17642104017155"><li id="rds_01_0020__li54901030151620">Cloud SSD<p id="rds_01_0020__p17134165501618"><a name="rds_01_0020__li54901030151620"></a><a name="li54901030151620"></a>Stores data in cloud disks for decoupled storage and compute. The maximum throughput is 350 MB/s.</p>
</li><li id="rds_01_0020__li987316913174">Extreme SSD<p id="rds_01_0020__p12193381715"><a name="rds_01_0020__li987316913174"></a><a name="li987316913174"></a>Uses 25GE network and RDMA technologies to provide you with up to 1,000 MB/s throughput per disk and sub-millisecond latency.</p>
</li></ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_01_0020__section16335234194"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Performance Comparison</h4>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="rds_01_0020__table64124292310" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Performance comparison</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="rds_01_0020__row45124262311"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.073756432246995%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.1"><p id="rds_01_0020__p16534222313">Item</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.883361921097766%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.2"><p id="rds_01_0020__p6554232312">Cloud SSD</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.042881646655225%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.3"><p id="rds_01_0020__p155184282318">Extreme SSD</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="rds_01_0020__row7516421236"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.073756432246995%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p3594282312">I/O performance</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.883361921097766%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p15515425233">Subpar I/O performance due to additional network I/O overheads</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.042881646655225%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p145114214236">Higher I/O performance than cloud SSDs</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_01_0020__row65134282312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.073756432246995%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p95124262312">Elastic scalability</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.883361921097766%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p7584252318">Scaling in seconds</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.042881646655225%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p1651042122311">Scaling in seconds</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_01_0020__row5510426239"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.073756432246995%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p5554220231">Maximum IOPS</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.883361921097766%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p6564252318">50,000</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.042881646655225%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p55164242319">128,000</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_01_0020__row4514217238"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.073756432246995%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p1755427233">Maximum throughput</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.883361921097766%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p651642132319">350 MiB/s</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.042881646655225%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p195342122316">For specifications with more than 32 vCPUs, the maximum throughput is 1,000 MiB/s.</p>
<p id="rds_01_0020__p1784134354013">For specifications with 32 vCPUs or fewer, the maximum throughput may not reach 1,000 MiB/s due to the underlying architecture.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_01_0020__row677112541234"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="29.073756432246995%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.1 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p18771554122314">Read/write latency</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.883361921097766%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.2 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p16771185442317">Medium</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.042881646655225%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.2.4.1.3 "><p id="rds_01_0020__p137711254142313">Medium</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="familylinks">
<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="rds_01_0028.html">DB Instance Description</a></div>
</div>
</div>

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</li>
<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rds_01_0029.html">DB Instance Classes</a></strong><br>
</li>
<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rds_01_0020.html">DB Instance Storage Types</a></strong><br>
</li>
<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rds_01_0021.html">DB Engines and Versions</a></strong><br>
</li>
<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rds_01_0023.html">DB Instance Statuses</a></strong><br>

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<div class="note" id="rds_02_0008__note14240798543"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="rds_02_0008__p112406935416">The performance of your DB instance depends on its configurations. Hardware configuration items include the instance specifications, storage type, and storage space.</p>
</div></div>
</p></li><li id="rds_02_0008__li6351398154947"><span>Confirm the specifications.</span><p><ul id="rds_02_0008__ul39403645154947"><li id="rds_02_0008__li19088491154947">If you need to modify your settings, click <strong id="rds_02_0008__b842352706185329_1">Previous</strong>.</li><li id="rds_02_0008__li6426625316046">If you do not need to modify your settings, click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_02_0008__uicontrol6745163412191"><b>Submit</b></span>.</li></ul>
</p></li><li id="rds_02_0008__l6f2649c440bc4d59b0ca6d9640c496d8"><span>To view and manage the DB instance, go to the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_02_0008__uicontrol41940418112351"><b>Instances</b></span> page.</span><p><ul id="rds_02_0008__ul1174910499416"><li id="rds_02_0008__li147497499413">During the creation process, the DB instance status is <strong id="rds_02_0008__b189296393151">Creating</strong>. When the creation process is complete, the instance status will change to <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_02_0008__uicontrol8915152415420"><b>Available</b></span>. You can view the detailed progress and result of the task on the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_02_0008__uicontrol2063919765152529"><b>Task Center</b></span> page.</li><li id="rds_02_0008__li07491949124117">The automated backup policy is enabled by default. After the DB instance is created, you can modify the automated backup policy. An automated full backup is immediately triggered after a DB instance is created.</li><li id="rds_02_0008__li20202241135617">The default database port is <strong id="rds_02_0008__b9989388511">3306</strong>. After a DB instance is created, you can change its port.<p id="rds_02_0008__p7381184316576">For details, see section <a href="rds_change_database_port.html">Changing a Database Port</a>.</p>
</p></li><li id="rds_02_0008__l6f2649c440bc4d59b0ca6d9640c496d8"><span>To view and manage the DB instance, go to the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_02_0008__uicontrol41940418112351"><b>Instances</b></span> page.</span><p><ul id="rds_02_0008__ul1174910499416"><li id="rds_02_0008__li147497499413">During the creation process, the DB instance status is <strong id="rds_02_0008__b189296393151">Creating</strong>. When the creation process is complete, the instance status will change to <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_02_0008__uicontrol8915152415420"><b>Available</b></span>. You can view the detailed progress and result of the task on the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_02_0008__uicontrol2063919765152529"><b>Task Center</b></span> page.</li><li id="rds_02_0008__li39831454181916">During the creation process, do not delete the selected VPC or subnet.</li><li id="rds_02_0008__li07491949124117">The automated backup policy is enabled by default. After the DB instance is created, you can modify the automated backup policy. An automated full backup is immediately triggered after a DB instance is created.</li><li id="rds_02_0008__li20202241135617">The default database port is <strong id="rds_02_0008__b9989388511">3306</strong>. After a DB instance is created, you can change its port.<p id="rds_02_0008__p7381184316576">For details, see section <a href="rds_change_database_port.html">Changing a Database Port</a>.</p>
</li></ul>
</p></li></ol>
</div>

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<div class="note" id="rds_03_0065__note867672015443"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="rds_03_0065__p2091113124310">The performance of your DB instance depends on its configurations. Hardware configuration items include the instance specifications, storage type, and storage space.</p>
</div></div>
</p></li><li id="rds_03_0065__la96ebb78da5f401bb2713a08209de015"><span>Confirm the specifications.</span><p><ul id="rds_03_0065__ul30666695153045"><li id="rds_03_0065__li7564807153045">If you need to modify your settings, click <strong id="rds_03_0065__b842352706185329_1">Previous</strong>.</li><li id="rds_03_0065__li974401153045">If you do not need to modify your settings, click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_03_0065__uicontrol230942777154741"><b>Submit</b></span>.</li></ul>
</p></li><li id="rds_03_0065__ldca3d3733e20452ab6b0f256abc531c8"><span>To view and manage the DB instance, go to the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_03_0065__uicontrol3629165165111"><b>Instances</b></span> page.</span><p><ul id="rds_03_0065__ul53561230194610"><li id="rds_03_0065__li1834017305469">During the creation process, the DB instance status is <strong id="rds_03_0065__b16816319174">Creating</strong>. When the creation process is complete, the instance status will change to <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_03_0065__uicontrol12923161719"><b>Available</b></span>.</li><li id="rds_03_0065__li234018306469">The automated backup policy is enabled by default. After the DB instance is created, you can modify the policy as needed. An automated full backup is immediately triggered after a DB instance is created.</li><li id="rds_03_0065__li183564302465">The default database port is <strong id="rds_03_0065__b16521145718207">5432</strong>. After a DB instance is created, you can change the database port.<p id="rds_03_0065__p7381184316576">For details, see <a href="rds_pg_change_database_port.html">Changing a Database Port</a>.</p>
</p></li><li id="rds_03_0065__ldca3d3733e20452ab6b0f256abc531c8"><span>To view and manage the DB instance, go to the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_03_0065__uicontrol3629165165111"><b>Instances</b></span> page.</span><p><ul id="rds_03_0065__ul53561230194610"><li id="rds_03_0065__li1834017305469">During the creation process, the DB instance status is <strong id="rds_03_0065__b16816319174">Creating</strong>. When the creation process is complete, the instance status will change to <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_03_0065__uicontrol12923161719"><b>Available</b></span>.</li><li id="rds_03_0065__li39831454181916">During the creation process, do not delete the selected VPC or subnet.</li><li id="rds_03_0065__li234018306469">The automated backup policy is enabled by default. After the DB instance is created, you can modify the policy as needed. An automated full backup is immediately triggered after a DB instance is created.</li><li id="rds_03_0065__li183564302465">The default database port is <strong id="rds_03_0065__b16521145718207">5432</strong>. After a DB instance is created, you can change the database port.<p id="rds_03_0065__p7381184316576">For details, see <a href="rds_pg_change_database_port.html">Changing a Database Port</a>.</p>
</li></ul>
</p></li></ol>
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<div class="note" id="rds_04_0061__note1863018403148"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="rds_04_0061__p2091113124310">The performance of your DB instance depends on its configurations. Hardware configuration items include the instance specifications, storage type, and storage space.</p>
</div></div>
</p></li><li id="rds_04_0061__lb1364953bb2d45bd9ff8907ead993e7e"><span>Confirm the specifications.</span><p><ul id="rds_04_0061__ucbaa3757df0f48849f35266e957762e3"><li id="rds_04_0061__ld327d5719ab4452c9b74861ec1c116d5">If you need to modify your settings, click <strong id="rds_04_0061__b842352706185329">Previous</strong>.</li><li id="rds_04_0061__l4cd4f1cae0a348e99ff769e2d59052c5">If you do not need to modify your settings, click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_04_0061__uicontrol230942777154741"><b>Submit</b></span>.</li></ul>
</p></li><li id="rds_04_0061__l022bdb42a2304913a3a4fa3ffd4a0ef8"><span>To view and manage the DB instance, go to the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_04_0061__uicontrol41940418112351"><b>Instances</b></span> page.</span><p><ul id="rds_04_0061__ul11016916475"><li id="rds_04_0061__li1210120915478">During the creation process, the DB instance status is <strong id="rds_04_0061__b513633015230">Creating</strong>. When the creation process is complete, the instance status will change to <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_04_0061__uicontrol914133022317"><b>Available</b></span>.</li><li id="rds_04_0061__li11011692470">The automated backup policy is enabled by default. An automated full backup is immediately triggered after a DB instance is created.</li><li id="rds_04_0061__li4703732101911">The default database port number is <strong id="rds_04_0061__b84235270620911">1433</strong>. After a DB instance is created, you can change its port number.<p id="rds_04_0061__p7381184316576">For details, see <a href="rds_sqlserver_change_database_port.html">Changing a Database Port</a>.</p>
</p></li><li id="rds_04_0061__l022bdb42a2304913a3a4fa3ffd4a0ef8"><span>To view and manage the DB instance, go to the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_04_0061__uicontrol41940418112351"><b>Instances</b></span> page.</span><p><ul id="rds_04_0061__ul11016916475"><li id="rds_04_0061__li1210120915478">During the creation process, the DB instance status is <strong id="rds_04_0061__b513633015230">Creating</strong>. When the creation process is complete, the instance status will change to <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_04_0061__uicontrol914133022317"><b>Available</b></span>.</li><li id="rds_04_0061__li39831454181916">During the creation process, do not delete the selected VPC or subnet.</li><li id="rds_04_0061__li11011692470">The automated backup policy is enabled by default. An automated full backup is immediately triggered after a DB instance is created.</li><li id="rds_04_0061__li4703732101911">The default database port number is <strong id="rds_04_0061__b84235270620911">1433</strong>. After a DB instance is created, you can change its port number.<p id="rds_04_0061__p7381184316576">For details, see <a href="rds_sqlserver_change_database_port.html">Changing a Database Port</a>.</p>
</li></ul>
</p></li></ol>
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</li>
<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rds_08_0003.html">Changing a Security Group</a></strong><br>
</li>
<li class="ulchildlink"><strong><a href="rds_mysql_0001.html">Configuring an SSL Connection</a></strong><br>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="familylinks">

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<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting DB Instance Information</h1>
<div id="body1528445243551"><div class="section" id="rds_05_0017__section17375927183"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="rds_05_0017__p16289929784">You can export information about all or selected DB instances to view and analyze DB instance information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_05_0017__section2855205020292"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About All DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_05_0017__ol181214526292"><li id="rds_05_0017__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li10812195211293"><span>On the <strong id="rds_05_0017__b842352706191733">Instances</strong> page, click <span><img id="rds_05_0017__image9812185219298" src="en-us_image_0000001145051738.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. By default, information about all DB instances are exported. In the displayed dialog box, you can select the items to be exported and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_05_0017__uicontrol1674773893191920"><b>Export</b></span>.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li17812205262919"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
<div class="section" id="rds_05_0017__section2855205020292"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About All DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_05_0017__ol181214526292"><li id="rds_05_0017__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li10812195211293"><span>On the <strong id="rds_05_0017__b842352706191733">Instances</strong> page, click <span><img id="rds_05_0017__image9812185219298" src="en-us_image_0000001145051738.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. By default, information about all DB instances is exported. In the displayed dialog box, you can select the items to be exported and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_05_0017__uicontrol1674773893191920"><b>Export</b></span>.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li17812205262919"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_05_0017__section069716213575"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About Selected DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_05_0017__ol97541855161520"><li id="rds_05_0017__li91472533312"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li814192518333"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293_1" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li51452573313"><span>Click <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019_1">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302_1">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_05_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010_1">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li18677141231919"><span>On the <strong id="rds_05_0017__b1283915191277">Instances</strong> page, filter DB instances by DB engine, DB instance name, DB instance ID, DB instance tag, and floating IP address, or select the DB instances to be exported, and click <span><img id="rds_05_0017__image839812463223" src="en-us_image_0000001191131415.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. In the displayed dialog box, select the items to be exported and click <strong id="rds_05_0017__b88401919182711">Export</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_05_0017__li325751518279"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a User and Granting Permissions</h1>
<div id="body1559186438460"><p id="rds_07_0002__p1586916476416">This chapter describes how to use <a href="https://docs.otc.t-systems.com/usermanual/iam/iam_01_0026.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Identity and Access Management (IAM)</a> for fine-grained permissions management for your <span class="keyword" id="rds_07_0002__keyword17281935195710">RDS</span> resources. With IAM, you can:</p>
<ul id="rds_07_0002__ul13870114718418"><li id="rds_07_0002__li7870144710416">Create IAM users for employees based on your enterprise's organizational structure. Each IAM user will have their own security credentials for accessing <span class="keyword" id="rds_07_0002__keyword427744115576">RDS</span> resources.</li><li id="rds_07_0002__li68701747447">Grant only the permissions required for users to perform a specific task.</li><li id="rds_07_0002__li198705476417">Entrust a account or cloud service to perform efficient O&amp;M on your <span class="keyword" id="rds_07_0002__keyword8348453572">RDS</span> resources.</li></ul>
<ul id="rds_07_0002__ul13870114718418"><li id="rds_07_0002__li7870144710416">Create IAM users for employees based on your enterprise's organizational structure. Each IAM user will have their own security credentials for accessing <span class="keyword" id="rds_07_0002__keyword427744115576">RDS</span> resources.</li><li id="rds_07_0002__li68701747447">Grant only the permissions required for users to perform a specific task.</li><li id="rds_07_0002__li198705476417">Entrust an account or cloud service to perform efficient O&amp;M on your <span class="keyword" id="rds_07_0002__keyword8348453572">RDS</span> resources.</li></ul>
<p id="rds_07_0002__p178709471743">If your account does not require individual IAM users, skip this chapter.</p>
<p id="rds_07_0002__p118701847544">This section describes the procedure for granting permissions (see <a href="#rds_07_0002__en-us_topic_0172661625_fig15451536531">Figure 1</a>).</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_07_0002__en-us_topic_0172661625_section25675773"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><p id="rds_07_0002__p539216578140">Learn about the permissions (see <a href="rds_01_0017.html">Permissions Management</a>) supported by RDS and choose policies or roles according to your requirements.For the system policies of other services, see <a href="https://docs.otc.t-systems.com/permissions/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Permissions</a>.</p>

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<h1 class="topictitle1">Suggestions on MySQL Parameter Tuning</h1>
<div id="body1555981948824"><p id="rds_08_00001__p480044911287">Parameters are key configuration items in a database system. Improper parameter settings may adversely affect the stable running of databases. This section describes some important parameters for your reference. For details, visit the <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-system-variables.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MySQL official website</a>.</p>
<div id="body1555981948824"><p id="rds_08_00001__p480044911287">Parameters are key configuration items in a database system. Improper parameter settings may adversely affect the stable running of databases. This section describes some important parameters for your reference. For details, visit the <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-system-variables.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MySQL official website</a>.</p>
<p id="rds_08_00001__p91101440247">For details on how to modify MySQL parameters on the console, see <a href="rds_configuration.html">Modifying Parameters</a>.</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_08_00001__section37541120104511"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Sensitive Parameters</h4><p id="rds_08_00001__p12539182154611">The following parameters can result in system security and stability issues if set improperly:</p>
<ul id="rds_08_00001__ul01801246174516"><li id="rds_08_00001__li882013275115"><span class="parmname" id="rds_08_00001__parmname18222274117"><b>lower_case_table_names</b></span><p id="rds_08_00001__p27984521721">Default value: <span class="parmvalue" id="rds_08_00001__parmvalue83871028145510"><b>1</b></span></p>

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<h1 class="topictitle1">Viewing Top SQL Statements of a DB Instance</h1>
<div id="body0000002356770246"><div class="section" id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_section04246347547"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_p9211534195210">Top SQL shows the SQL queries that have been contribued at most to database load. You can sort them by multiple dimensions.</p>
<div id="body0000002356770246"><div class="section" id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_section04246347547"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_p9211534195210">Top SQL shows the SQL queries that have been contributed at most to database load. You can sort them by multiple dimensions.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_section13380145511548"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_ol1314114919495"><li id="rds_08_0031__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_08_0031__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_08_0031__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_08_0031__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_08_0031__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_08_0031__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_08_0031__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_li1426913204172"><span>On the <strong id="rds_08_0031__b13591547815">Instances</strong> page, click the DB instance name.</span></li><li id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_li499974911328"><span>In the navigation pane, choose <strong id="rds_08_0031__b18272756689">DBA Assistant</strong> &gt; <strong id="rds_08_0031__b827315616819">Historical Diagnosis</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_li15550224331"><span>Choose <strong id="rds_08_0031__b033316176914">SQL Explorer</strong> &gt; <strong id="rds_08_0031__b675720241399">Top SQL</strong>.</span><p><div class="note" id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_note58245359497"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><p id="rds_08_0031__en-us_topic_0000001373012989_p15151026785">Top SQL needs to be purchased separately. To use this function, subscribe to Intelligent O&amp;M first.</p>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Enabling Read/Write Splitting</h1>
<div id="body0000001482284682"><p id="rds_11_0017__en-us_topic_0200110321_p874144912514">Read/write splitting enables read and write requests to be automatically routed through a read/write splitting address. This section describes how to enable read/write splitting.</p>
<div id="body0000001482284682"><p id="rds_11_0017__p11622183994417">You can enable database proxy for your RDS for MySQL instance to automatically forward read and write requests through a proxy address. To reduce read pressure of the primary instance, write requests are forwarded to the primary instance and read requests to read replicas based on the routing policy of the database proxy.</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_11_0017__section6401015174920"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Precautions</h4><div class="p" id="rds_11_0017__p133321255206">Keep in mind the following notes on database proxies:<ul id="rds_11_0017__ul160563016181"><li id="rds_11_0017__li66051330111812">Before enabling database proxy, ensure that you have purchased an RDS for MySQL instance.</li><li id="rds_11_0017__li1037162061916">Both the primary instance and read replicas must be available.</li></ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_11_0017__section11101105717493"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Enabling a Single Proxy</h4><ol id="rds_11_0017__ol3105135717498"><li id="rds_11_0017__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0017__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_11_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0017__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_11_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_11_0017__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0017__en-us_topic_0200110321_li61613191202055"><span>On the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_11_0017__uicontrol6125026163410"><b>Instances</b></span> page, click the target DB instance. The <strong id="rds_11_0017__b95404505205">Overview</strong> page is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0017__en-us_topic_0200110321_li13253161841616"><span>In the navigation pane on the left, choose <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_11_0017__uicontrol5140515143516"><b>Database Proxy</b></span>.</span><p><p id="rds_11_0017__en-us_topic_0200110321_p478124211810">Alternatively, in the <strong id="rds_11_0017__b1384481502219">Connectivity</strong> area on the <strong id="rds_11_0017__b893564552117">Overview</strong> page, click <strong id="rds_11_0017__b2586162353614">Configure</strong> in the <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_11_0017__uicontrol109581836131513"><b>Read/Write Splitting Address</b></span> field.</p>
</p></li><li id="rds_11_0017__li16514191313265"><span>On the displayed page, click <strong id="rds_11_0017__b580418206717">Create Database Proxy</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0017__li1856315261491"><span>Configure parameters and click <strong id="rds_11_0017__b6963195417211">Next</strong>.</span><p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="rds_11_0017__table849295132618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Parameter description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="rds_11_0017__row1649312572610"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1"><p id="rds_11_0017__p54936502613"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b76844943318">Parameter</strong></p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="rds_11_0017__table849295132618" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Parameter description</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="rds_11_0017__row1649312572610"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1"><p id="rds_11_0017__p54936502613"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b76844943318">Parameter</strong></p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2"><p id="rds_11_0017__p1949319516262"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b1987195185619">Description</strong></p>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" id="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2"><p id="rds_11_0017__p1949319516262"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b1987195185619">Description</strong></p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="rds_11_0017__row6659729192819"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p1949053632813">Proxy Name</p>
<tbody><tr id="rds_11_0017__row6659729192819"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p1949053632813">Proxy Name</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p103117187369">Set the proxy name based on service requirements.</p>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p103117187369">Set the proxy name based on service requirements.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row13151916134813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p7316171644811">Role</p>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row13151916134813"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p7316171644811">Role</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="rds_11_0017__ul627462885616"><li id="rds_11_0017__li327417284567"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b71491234195618">Read/write:</strong> Read and write requests are split.</li><li id="rds_11_0017__li1927442817565"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b137091436165612">Read-only:</strong> The proxy is not connected to your primary instance and cannot receive write requests.</li></ul>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="rds_11_0017__ul26371137154913"><li id="rds_11_0017__li19637137194912"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b371018213212">Read and write</strong>: Read and write requests are split.</li><li id="rds_11_0017__li18638737134914"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b1371014217212">Read only</strong>: The proxy is not connected to your primary instance and cannot receive write requests.</li></ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row7685141218381"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p389393273816">Routing Policy</p>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row7685141218381"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p389393273816">Routing Policy</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="rds_11_0017__ul179941646205112"><li id="rds_11_0017__li1299434616517"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b1694031852512">Weighted</strong>: You can change the weights of your DB instance and read replicas after read/write splitting is enabled.</li><li id="rds_11_0017__li899464616519"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b139841150273">Load balancing</strong>: This policy is only available if proxy load balancing is enabled. After <strong id="rds_11_0017__b717513715246">Load balancing</strong> is selected, read requests are automatically distributed to multiple read replicas based on the number of active connections to balance the load among these read replicas.</li></ul>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><ul id="rds_11_0017__ul179941646205112"><li id="rds_11_0017__li1299434616517"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b1694031852512">Weighted</strong>: You can change the weights of your DB instance and read replicas after read/write splitting is enabled.</li><li id="rds_11_0017__li899464616519"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b139841150273">Load balancing</strong>: This policy is only available if proxy load balancing is enabled. After <strong id="rds_11_0017__b717513715246">Load balancing</strong> is selected, read requests are automatically distributed to multiple read replicas based on the number of active connections to balance the load among these read replicas.</li></ul>
<p id="rds_11_0017__p12213425165012">You can change the routing policy after the database proxy is created. For details, see <a href="rds_11_0018.html">Configuring the Delay Threshold and Routing Policy</a>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row165801322185210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p119311925185210">Reads Allowed on Primary</p>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row165801322185210"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p119311925185210">Reads Allowed on Primary</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p1293116258527">This parameter is only available if <strong id="rds_11_0017__b192661075235">Load balancing</strong> is selected.</p>
<ul id="rds_11_0017__ul179319253521"><li id="rds_11_0017__li109314252525"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b11545366232">Yes</strong>: Read requests can be routed to both the primary instance and read replicas.</li><li id="rds_11_0017__li293232525218"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b1746119318259">No</strong>: Read requests are routed only to read replicas to offload read pressure from the primary instance.</li></ul>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p1293116258527">This parameter is only available if <strong id="rds_11_0017__b192661075235">Load balancing</strong> is selected.</p>
<ul id="rds_11_0017__ul1639643616275"><li id="rds_11_0017__li339613642711"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b139653616275">Yes</strong>: Read requests can be routed to both the primary instance and read replicas, which increases the load of the primary instance. Configure this parameter as required.</li><li id="rds_11_0017__li53966366275"><strong id="rds_11_0017__b1939643622714">No</strong>: Read requests are routed only to read replicas to offload read pressure from the primary instance.</li></ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row1849514514266"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p12495456262">New Instance Class</p>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row1849514514266"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p12495456262">New Instance Class</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p949511542613">Select specifications for the proxy instance based on service demands. You can change the specifications after the proxy instance is created. For details, see <a href="rds_11_0028.html">Changing the Instance Class of a DB Proxy Instance</a>.</p>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p949511542613">Select specifications for the proxy instance based on service demands. You can change the specifications after the proxy instance is created. For details, see <a href="rds_11_0028.html">Changing the Instance Class of a DB Proxy Instance</a>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row4495651264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p249535112615">Proxy Nodes</p>
<tr id="rds_11_0017__row4495651264"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="17.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p249535112615">Proxy Nodes</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p04951158262">Enter an integer from 2 to 8. You can change the nodes after the proxy instance is created.</p>
<p id="rds_11_0017__p18496185152610">You are advised to set proxy nodes to the quantity of read replicas, with one proxy node for one read replica.</p>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="82.33%" headers="mcps1.3.3.2.7.2.1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0017__p04951158262">Enter an integer from 2 to 8. You can change the nodes after the proxy instance is created. For details, see <a href="rds_11_0045.html">Changing the Number of Proxy Nodes</a>.</p>
</td>
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<a name="rds_11_0018"></a><a name="rds_11_0018"></a>
<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuring the Delay Threshold and Routing Policy</h1>
<div id="body0000001533244561"><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p4233133394314">After read/write splitting is enabled, you can configure the delay threshold and routing policy as required.</p>
<div id="body0000001533244561"><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p4233133394314">After database proxy is enabled and read replicas are created, you can configure the delay threshold and routing policy as required.</p>
<div class="tablenoborder"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_table1880385504715" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Read/write splitting parameters</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_row1080465516471"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.7%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p88041855164719"><strong id="rds_11_0018__b64581643201811">Parameter</strong></p>
</th>
@ -11,26 +11,25 @@
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_row10804055114711"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p280412553479">Delay Threshold</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="83.3%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p966818123292">The maximum delay for data to be synchronized from primary DB instances to read replicas. To prevent data inconsistencies between primary DB instances and read replicas from lasting too long, if the delay of a read replica exceeds the configured threshold, read requests are not forwarded to the read replica regardless of the read weight distributed to it.</p>
<p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p380465554718">When read/write splitting is enabled, the default delay threshold is 30s and the default value range is 0–7,200s. It is recommended that the threshold be greater than or equal to 30s. Traffic is not allocated to read replicas whose delay exceeds the configured threshold.</p>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="83.3%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p966818123292">The maximum delay for data to be synchronized from primary DB instances to read replicas. If a read replica's delay goes beyond the configured limit, read requests will not be forwarded to this read replica to prevent prolonged data mismatches with the primary DB instance. This happens no matter what read weight the read replica has.</p>
<p id="rds_11_0018__p1087172616125">In read/write splitting scenarios, the default delay threshold is 30s and the default value range is 0–7,200s. It is recommended that the threshold be greater than or equal to 30s. Traffic is not allocated to read replicas whose delay exceeds the configured threshold.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_row1804105517474"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="16.7%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p4804855174710">Read Weight Distribution</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="83.3%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p1424075572416">When read/write splitting is enabled, the read weight of the primary DB instance is 0 by default. You can modify the read weights distributed to read replicas. </p>
<p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_p3591144113019">Read replicas with higher read weight distributions process more read requests. For example, if the read weights distributed to one primary DB instance and four read replicas are 0, 100, 200, 500, and 300, respectively, the primary DB instance does not process read requests (write requests are all automatically forwarded to the primary DB instance) while the four read replicas process read requests with a ratio of 1:2:5:3.</p>
<p id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_li634814418177p0">The system automatically distributes weights to read replicas, including read replicas created afterwards, according to their specifications based on the distribution rules listed in <a href="rds_11_0020.html">Rules for Distributing Weights</a>.</p>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="83.3%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0018__p10764143674615">In read/write splitting scenarios, you can configure read weights for the primary DB instance and read replicas. If no read replicas are selected for the database proxy, read/write splitting does not take effect.</p>
<p id="rds_11_0018__p13983215162118">The read weight ranges from 1 to 1,000. Read replicas with higher read weight distributions process more read requests. For example, if the read weights distributed to one primary DB instance and four read replicas are 0, 100, 200, 500, and 300, respectively, the primary DB instance does not process any read requests (write requests are still automatically routed to the primary DB instance) while the four read replicas process read requests with a ratio of 1:2:5:3.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_section125241526194010"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring Delay Threshold</h4><ol id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_ol3291184654019"><li id="rds_11_0018__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_li0292154612401"><span>On the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b20826175219012">Instances</strong> page, click the target DB instance. The <strong id="rds_11_0018__b893564552117">Overview</strong> page is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li2573101655119"><span>In the navigation pane on the left, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b9729101719569">Database Proxy</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_li19292346184012"><span>In the proxy information area, click <span><img id="rds_11_0018__image724311377120" src="en-us_image_0000001482124730.png"></span> next to the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b17199152415314">Delay Threshold</strong> field.</span></li></ol>
<div class="section" id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_section125241526194010"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring Delay Threshold</h4><ol id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_ol3291184654019"><li id="rds_11_0018__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_li0292154612401"><span>On the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b20826175219012">Instances</strong> page, click the target DB instance.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li2573101655119"><span>In the navigation pane on the left, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b9729101719569">Database Proxy</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__en-us_topic_0200110322_li19292346184012"><span>In the proxy information area, click <span><img id="rds_11_0018__image724311377120" src="en-us_image_0000001482124730.png"></span> next to the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b17199152415314">Delay Threshold</strong> field.</span></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_11_0018__section6702360565"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring Routing Policy in Single-Proxy Mode</h4><ol id="rds_11_0018__ol3558445102017"><li id="rds_11_0018__li1615361720561"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li1915316171569"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293_1" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li015417172563"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019_1">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302_1">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010_1">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li18910455132018"><span>On the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b173620388109">Instances</strong> page, click the target DB instance. The <strong id="rds_11_0018__b435213137236">Overview</strong> page is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li161805115552"><span>In the navigation pane on the left, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b429514219569">Database Proxy</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li291115513205"><span>If proxy load balancing is not enabled, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b1255516256174">Configure</strong> next to the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b13276144133818">Routing Policy</strong> field in the proxy information area. In the displayed dialog box, configure read weights for the primary instance and read replicas.</span><p><div class="note" id="rds_11_0018__note166441534162511"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="rds_11_0018__ul37391143185418"><li id="rds_11_0018__li177391543165413">The system automatically distributes weights to read replicas, including read replicas created afterwards, according to the default distribution rules. If a read replica breaks down or is deleted, the weight is automatically removed. After the read replica recovers, the weight is automatically restored.</li><li id="rds_11_0018__li19740743185410">If the weight of a node is set to <strong id="rds_11_0018__b76718586242">0</strong>, read requests will not be routed to the node. If the weights of all nodes are set to <strong id="rds_11_0018__b20953315102719">0</strong>, read requests will be randomly routed to these nodes.</li></ul>
<div class="section" id="rds_11_0018__section6702360565"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Configuring Routing Policy in Single-Proxy Mode</h4><ol id="rds_11_0018__ol3558445102017"><li id="rds_11_0018__li1615361720561"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li1915316171569"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293_1" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li015417172563"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019_1">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302_1">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010_1">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li18910455132018"><span>On the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b173620388109">Instances</strong> page, click the target DB instance.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li161805115552"><span>In the navigation pane on the left, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b429514219569">Database Proxy</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li291115513205"><span>If proxy load balancing is not enabled, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b1255516256174">Configure</strong> next to the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b13276144133818">Routing Policy</strong> field in the proxy information area. In the displayed dialog box, configure read weights for the primary instance and read replicas.</span><p><div class="note" id="rds_11_0018__note166441534162511"><img src="public_sys-resources/note_3.0-en-us.png"><span class="notetitle"> </span><div class="notebody"><ul id="rds_11_0018__ul37391143185418"><li id="rds_11_0018__li177391543165413">The system automatically distributes weights to read replicas, including read replicas created afterwards, according to the default distribution rules. If a read replica breaks down or is deleted, the weight is automatically removed. After the read replica recovers, the weight is automatically restored.</li><li id="rds_11_0018__li19740743185410">If the weight of a node is set to <strong id="rds_11_0018__b76718586242">0</strong>, read requests will not be routed to the node. If the weights of all nodes are set to <strong id="rds_11_0018__b20953315102719">0</strong>, read requests will be randomly routed to these nodes.</li></ul>
</div></div>
</p></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li43750426178"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b18736152320270">OK</strong> and view the weights on the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b1947923182810">Database Proxy</strong> page.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li13397411201016"><span>If proxy load balancing is enabled, click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b2351608393">Configure</strong> next to the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b118150393910">Routing Policy</strong> field in the proxy information area. In the displayed dialog box, set required parameters.</span><p><p id="rds_11_0018__p15170111132315">Select <strong id="rds_11_0018__b1261217214473">Load balancing</strong> as the routing policy. Read requests will be automatically distributed to read replicas based on the number of active connections to balance the load among these read replicas.</p>
<div class="p" id="rds_11_0018__p6171171119235">Set <strong id="rds_11_0018__b11583745404">Read Requests Accepted by Primary DB Instance</strong>:<ul id="rds_11_0018__ul10571115614"><li id="rds_11_0018__li11581145614"><strong id="rds_11_0018__b13695155512473">Yes</strong>: Read requests can be routed to both the primary instance and read replicas, which increases the load of the primary instance to some extent. Configure this parameter based on your workload requirements.</li><li id="rds_11_0018__li18514111565"><strong id="rds_11_0018__b154852485347">No</strong>: To offload read pressure from the primary instance, read requests are only routed to read replicas.</li></ul>
<div class="p" id="rds_11_0018__p6171171119235">Set <strong id="rds_11_0018__b11583745404">Reads Allowed on Primary</strong>:<ul id="rds_11_0018__ul10571115614"><li id="rds_11_0018__li11581145614"><strong id="rds_11_0018__b13695155512473">Yes</strong>: Read requests can be routed to both the primary instance and read replicas, which increases the load of the primary instance to some extent. Configure this parameter based on your workload requirements.</li><li id="rds_11_0018__li18514111565"><strong id="rds_11_0018__b154852485347">No</strong>: To offload read pressure from the primary instance, read requests are only routed to read replicas.</li></ul>
</div>
</p></li><li id="rds_11_0018__li1922412920120"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0018__b16488184481">OK</strong>. On the <strong id="rds_11_0018__b12835152914499">Database Proxy</strong> page, view the result. You can select the instances for load balancing as required.</span></li></ol>
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<div id="body1490091459219"><div class="section" id="rds_11_0023__section51567119122258"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="rds_11_0023__p38317856122343">This section describes how to use an automated or manual backup to restore a DB instance to the status when the backup was created.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_11_0023__section51247315503"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="rds_11_0023__ol444232814530"><li id="rds_11_0023__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0023__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_11_0023__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0023__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_11_0023__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_11_0023__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_11_0023__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_11_0023__li347375315249"><span>On the <strong id="rds_11_0023__b84235270695954">Backups &amp; Restorations</strong> page, locate the target backup and click <strong id="rds_11_0023__b84235270610031">Restore</strong> in the <strong id="rds_11_0023__b842352706162543">Operation</strong> column.</span><p><p id="rds_11_0023__p1330145782718">Alternatively, click the target DB instance on the <strong id="rds_11_0023__b12275154052212">Instances</strong> page. On the displayed page, choose <strong id="rds_11_0023__b1427684016223">Backups &amp; Restorations</strong>. On the displayed page, select the target backup to be restored and click <strong id="rds_11_0023__b3278640192219">Restore</strong> in the <strong id="rds_11_0023__b2280440182210">Operation</strong> column.</p>
</p></li><li id="rds_11_0023__li74461528135319"><span>In the displayed dialog box, configure required information and click <strong id="rds_11_0023__b5465720410">OK</strong>.</span><p><ol type="a" id="rds_11_0023__ol1948142917552"><li id="rds_11_0023__li11948929135518">Select a restoration method and click <strong id="rds_11_0023__b1566125244512">OK</strong>.<ul id="rds_11_0023__ul435064715437"><li id="rds_11_0023__li15349184784312">Create New Instance<div class="p" id="rds_11_0023__p6951016184712"><a name="rds_11_0023__li15349184784312"></a><a name="li15349184784312"></a>The <strong id="rds_11_0023__b759219414310">Create New Instance</strong> page is displayed.<ul id="rds_11_0023__ul134914476437"><li id="rds_11_0023__li113401547174310">The DB engine of the new DB instance is the same as that of the original DB instance and cannot be changed.</li><li id="rds_11_0023__li195914109326">Storage space of the new DB instance is the same as that of the original DB instance by default and the new instance must be at least as large as the original DB instance.</li><li id="rds_11_0023__li8700125319437">Other settings are the same as those of the original DB instance by default and can be modified. For details, see <a href="rds_04_0061.html">Step 1: Create a DB Instance</a>.</li></ul>
</p></li><li id="rds_11_0023__li74461528135319"><span>In the displayed dialog box, configure required information and click <strong id="rds_11_0023__b5465720410">OK</strong>.</span><p><ol type="a" id="rds_11_0023__ol1948142917552"><li id="rds_11_0023__li11948929135518">Select a restoration method and click <strong id="rds_11_0023__b1566125244512">OK</strong>.<ul id="rds_11_0023__ul435064715437"><li id="rds_11_0023__li15349184784312">Create New Instance<div class="p" id="rds_11_0023__p6951016184712"><a name="rds_11_0023__li15349184784312"></a><a name="li15349184784312"></a>The <strong id="rds_11_0023__b759219414310">Create New Instance</strong> page is displayed.<ul id="rds_11_0023__ul134914476437"><li id="rds_11_0023__li113401547174310">The DB engine of the new DB instance is the same as that of the original DB instance and cannot be changed.</li><li id="rds_11_0023__li1334974719439">The original DB instance can be restored to the same or a later DB engine version, as shown in <a href="#rds_11_0023__table1334944713437">Table 1</a>.
<div class="tablenoborder"><a name="rds_11_0023__table1334944713437"></a><a name="table1334944713437"></a><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" id="rds_11_0023__table1334944713437" frame="border" border="1" rules="all"><caption><b>Table 1 </b>Restoring to specific DB engine versions</caption><thead align="left"><tr id="rds_11_0023__row1134094714310"><th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.1"><p id="rds_11_0023__p434016479436">Original DB Engine Version</p>
</th>
<th align="left" class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.2"><p id="rds_11_0023__p434016477435">Restore To</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="rds_11_0023__row1327135154212"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p1216222683311">2017 Standard Edition</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p46001805399">2017 Standard Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p8600120143917">2017 Enterprise Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p76394463312">2019 Standard Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p13631944173314">2019 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0023__row7349647154313"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p193491347194319">2017 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p1534920476435">2017 Enterprise Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p61031456103316">2019 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0023__row1947042518545"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p18852182232811">2019 Standard Edition</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p17193142010309">2019 Standard Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p13194122014305">2019 Enterprise Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p5717181715353">2022 Standard Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p14717171716356">2022 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0023__row1198532565419"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p16635173284">2019 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p849719345216">2019 Standard Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p114971134182112">2019 Enterprise Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p1924313620445">2022 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0023__row8641142213341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p6119183011303">2022 Standard Edition</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p6218181818370">2022 Standard Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p192182181373">2022 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="rds_11_0023__row88329228348"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.1 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p8119123013302">2022 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.3.2.2.5.2.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1.2 "><p id="rds_11_0023__p19869123573710">2022 Standard Edition</p>
<p id="rds_11_0023__p3869103512379">2022 Enterprise Edition</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</li><li id="rds_11_0023__li195914109326">Storage space of the new DB instance is the same as that of the original DB instance by default and the new instance must be at least as large as the original DB instance.</li><li id="rds_11_0023__li8700125319437">Other settings are the same as those of the original DB instance by default and can be modified. For details, see <a href="rds_04_0061.html">Step 1: Create a DB Instance</a>.</li></ul>
</div>
</li><li id="rds_11_0023__li834944716435">Restore to Original<div class="notice" id="rds_11_0023__note14349147164312"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><ul id="rds_11_0023__ul924199804"><li id="rds_11_0023__li13241496015">If the DB instance for which the backup is created has been deleted, data cannot be restored to the original DB instance.</li><li id="rds_11_0023__li6365311106">Restoring to the original DB instance will overwrite data on it and cause the original DB instance to be unavailable during the restoration.</li></ul>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">How Can I Install the MySQL Client?</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><p id="rds_faq_0027__en-us_topic_0086556931_p716997816195">MySQL provides client installation packages for different OSs on its official website. MySQL 8.0 is used as an example. You can download the <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/8.0.html#downloads" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">latest version</a> or <a href="http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">any other version</a> for your project. The following procedure illustrates how to obtain the required installation package and install the MySQL client into a Red Hat Linux system.</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_faq_0027__section1218516193013"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="rds_faq_0027__o6f71a46026484d63b50bb97e180806b5"><li id="rds_faq_0027__l5c3d02e540744ccea4ca3c756d6e11c4"><span>Obtain the installation package.</span><p><p id="rds_faq_0027__en-us_topic_0086556931_p75317410124">Find the <a href="http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">link</a> to the required version on the download page. mysql-community-client-8.0.26-1.el8.x86_64.rpm is used as an example in the following figure.</p>
<div id="body8662426"><p id="rds_faq_0027__en-us_topic_0086556931_p716997816195">MySQL provides client installation packages for different OSs on its official website. MySQL 8.0 is used as an example. You can download the <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/8.0.html#downloads" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">latest version</a> or <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">any other version</a> for your project. The following procedure illustrates how to obtain the required installation package and install the MySQL client into a Red Hat Linux system.</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_faq_0027__section1218516193013"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Procedure</h4><ol id="rds_faq_0027__o6f71a46026484d63b50bb97e180806b5"><li id="rds_faq_0027__l5c3d02e540744ccea4ca3c756d6e11c4"><span>Obtain the installation package.</span><p><p id="rds_faq_0027__en-us_topic_0086556931_p75317410124">Find the <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">link</a> to the required version on the download page. mysql-community-client-8.0.26-1.el8.x86_64.rpm is used as an example in the following figure.</p>
<div class="fignone" id="rds_faq_0027__fig106905415919"><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>Download</span><br><span><img id="rds_faq_0027__image77019466582" src="en-us_image_0000001934653410.png"></span></div>
</p></li><li id="rds_faq_0027__l5dd7d545a3b945cda87ab7a449b8f276"><span>Upload the installation package to the <span id="rds_faq_0027__text1538316415553">ECS</span>.</span><p><ol type="a" id="rds_faq_0027__ol16167145216453"><li id="rds_faq_0027__li41670526455">When you create an <span id="rds_faq_0027__text11366744134511">ECS</span>, select an OS, such as Red Hat 8.8, and bind an <span id="rds_faq_0027__text113661144174512">EIP</span> to it.</li><li id="rds_faq_0027__li151674526458">Use a remote connection tool to connect to the <span id="rds_faq_0027__text193242293592">ECS</span> through the bound EIP and upload the installation package to the <span id="rds_faq_0027__text14717103255919">ECS</span>.</li></ol>
</p></li><li id="rds_faq_0027__lca1eae7b44f04855879df320f7d6244b"><span>Run the following command to install the MySQL client:</span><p><pre class="codeblock" id="rds_faq_0027__codeblock1521118151812">rpm -ivh --nodeps mysql-community-client-8.0.26-1.el8.x86_64.rpm</pre>

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<h1 class="topictitle1">Does RDS for PostgreSQL Support the test_decoding Plugin?</h1>
<div id="body1575365508926"><p id="rds_faq_0119__p56031312183512">PostgreSQL 12 support test_decoding. For more information about test_decoding, see <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/test-decoding.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">test_decoding introduction</a>.</p>
<div id="body1575365508926"><p id="rds_faq_0119__p56031312183512">PostgreSQL 12 supports test_decoding. For more information about test_decoding, see <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/test-decoding.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">test_decoding introduction</a>.</p>
<p id="rds_faq_0119__p1481782114542">To use test_decoding, set <span class="parmname" id="rds_faq_0119__parmname4532192295417"><b>wal_level</b></span> to <span class="parmvalue" id="rds_faq_0119__parmvalue553242225412"><b>logical</b></span>.</p>
<ol id="rds_faq_0119__ol1134925225415"><li id="rds_faq_0119__li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_faq_0119__li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_faq_0119__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_faq_0119__li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_faq_0119__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_faq_0119__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_faq_0119__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_faq_0119__li922653755512"><span>On the <strong id="rds_faq_0119__b63115471344">Instances</strong> page, click the target DB instance.</span></li><li id="rds_faq_0119__li1322610372559"><span>In the navigation pane on the left, choose <strong id="rds_faq_0119__b455612584417">Parameters</strong>. On the <strong id="rds_faq_0119__b45392110519">Parameters</strong> tab page, locate <strong id="rds_faq_0119__b2036120251957">wal_level</strong> and change its value to <strong id="rds_faq_0119__b741520347515">logical</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_faq_0119__li10226103775512"><span>Click <strong id="rds_faq_0119__b1041105113611">Save</strong>. In the displayed dialog box, click <strong id="rds_faq_0119__b3424511668">Yes</strong>.</span></li></ol>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Configuring an SSL Connection</h1>
<div id="body1563864264576"><p id="rds_mysql_0001__p144932022165620">Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is an encryption-based Internet security protocol for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client. It provides authenticated Internet connections to ensure the privacy and integrity of online communications. SSL:</p>
<ul id="rds_mysql_0001__ul17493142219569"><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li7493142218567">Authenticates users and servers, ensuring that data is sent to the correct clients and servers.</li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li2049313221560">Encrypts data, preventing it from being intercepted during transmission.</li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li1549352218566">Ensures data integrity during transmission.</li></ul>
<p id="rds_mysql_0001__p137809400168">Clients using versions earlier than 5.1 have SSL compatibility issues. By default, SSL is disabled for new RDS for MySQL instances. If your client has no SSL compatibility issues, you can enable SSL by referring to <a href="#rds_mysql_0001__section52887001420">Enabling SSL</a>. Enabling SSL will increase the network connection response time and CPU resource consumption. Before enabling it, evaluate any potential impacts on service performance. If a client cannot connect to the DB instance due to compatibility issues, upgrade the client and try again.</p>
<p id="rds_mysql_0001__p64931322135619">You can connect to a DB instance through a client using an SSL or non-SSL connection.</p>
<ul id="rds_mysql_0001__ul194931922155620"><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li134937222562">If SSL is disabled (default), use a non-SSL connection.</li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li44931722165619">If SSL is enabled, use an SSL connection. SSL encrypts connections to the instance, making in-transit data more secure.</li></ul>
<div class="section" id="rds_mysql_0001__section178191483216"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Constraints</h4><p id="rds_mysql_0001__p205247452253">Enabling or disabling SSL will cause instances to reboot and interrupt connections. Exercise caution when performing this operation.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_mysql_0001__section52887001420"><a name="rds_mysql_0001__section52887001420"></a><a name="section52887001420"></a><h4 class="sectiontitle">Enabling SSL</h4><ol id="rds_mysql_0001__ol183543421417"><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li11224228205719"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li422532835716"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li92251728135715"><span>Click <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li46324476105129"><span>On the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b106141431593">Instances</strong> page, click the target DB instance.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li36398892172958"><span>On the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b334518466610">Overview</strong> page, find <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_mysql_0001__uicontrol163451346163"><b>SSL</b></span> and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_mysql_0001__uicontrol14345184618613"><b>Enable</b></span>.</span><p><p id="rds_mysql_0001__p25208271212">Alternatively, in the navigation pane on the left, choose <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b41039399427">Connectivity &amp; Security</strong>. In the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b01041739154214">Connection Information</strong> area, click <span><img id="rds_mysql_0001__image2618153701214" src="en-us_image_0000002492045012.png"></span> in the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b197451737173612">SSL</strong> field.</p>
</p></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li6565827163611"><span>In the displayed dialog box, click <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b1696541012114">OK</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li8198418174048"><span>After a while, check the SSL status on the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b175646291684">Overview</strong> page. It is enabled.</span></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_mysql_0001__section1469093271810"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Disabling SSL</h4><ol id="rds_mysql_0001__ol10257174314184"><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li543718111261"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li943717110610"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293_1" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li2437151113616"><span>Click <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019_1">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302_1">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010_1">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li771319146132"><span>On the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b1453213111513">Instances</strong> page, click the target DB instance.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li623512493181"><span>On the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b1960831213130">Overview</strong> page, find <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_mysql_0001__uicontrol3608151251310"><b>SSL</b></span> and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_mysql_0001__uicontrol16081112181313"><b>Disable</b></span>.</span><p><p id="rds_mysql_0001__p1529174181415">Alternatively, in the navigation pane on the left, choose <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b192914411411">Connectivity &amp; Security</strong>. In the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b192911246142">Connection Information</strong> area, click <span><img id="rds_mysql_0001__image3429848151514" src="en-us_image_0000002492048460.png"></span> in the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b3291204151415">SSL</strong> field.</p>
</p></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li758519119381"><span>In the displayed dialog box, click <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b34821342181313">OK</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_mysql_0001__li34492814174353"><span>After a while, check the SSL status on the <strong id="rds_mysql_0001__b1827743910">Overview</strong> page. It is disabled.</span></li></ol>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="familylinks">
<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="rds_05_0006.html">Data Security</a></div>
</div>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting DB Instance Information</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section17375927183"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_p16289929784">You can export information about all or selected DB instances to view and analyze DB instance information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section2855205020292"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About All DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_ol181214526292"><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li10812195211293"><span>On the <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b842352706191733">Instances</strong> page, click <span><img id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_image9812185219298" src="en-us_image_0000001145051738.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. By default, information about all DB instances are exported. In the displayed dialog box, you can select the items to be exported and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_uicontrol1674773893191920"><b>Export</b></span>.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17812205262919"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
<div class="section" id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section2855205020292"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About All DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_ol181214526292"><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li10812195211293"><span>On the <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b842352706191733">Instances</strong> page, click <span><img id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_image9812185219298" src="en-us_image_0000001145051738.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. By default, information about all DB instances is exported. In the displayed dialog box, you can select the items to be exported and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_uicontrol1674773893191920"><b>Export</b></span>.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17812205262919"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section069716213575"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About Selected DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_ol97541855161520"><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li91472533312"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li814192518333"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293_1" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li51452573313"><span>Click <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019_1">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302_1">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010_1">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li18677141231919"><span>On the <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b1283915191277">Instances</strong> page, filter DB instances by DB engine, DB instance name, DB instance ID, DB instance tag, and floating IP address, or select the DB instances to be exported, and click <span><img id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_image839812463223" src="en-us_image_0000001191131415.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. In the displayed dialog box, select the items to be exported and click <strong id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b88401919182711">Export</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_pg_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li325751518279"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
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<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a User and Granting Permissions</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><p id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p1586916476416">This chapter describes how to use <a href="https://docs.otc.t-systems.com/usermanual/iam/iam_01_0026.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Identity and Access Management (IAM)</a> for fine-grained permissions management for your <span class="keyword" id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword17281935195710">RDS</span> resources. With IAM, you can:</p>
<ul id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_ul13870114718418"><li id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li7870144710416">Create IAM users for employees based on your enterprise's organizational structure. Each IAM user will have their own security credentials for accessing <span class="keyword" id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword427744115576">RDS</span> resources.</li><li id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li68701747447">Grant only the permissions required for users to perform a specific task.</li><li id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li198705476417">Entrust a account or cloud service to perform efficient O&amp;M on your <span class="keyword" id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword8348453572">RDS</span> resources.</li></ul>
<ul id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_ul13870114718418"><li id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li7870144710416">Create IAM users for employees based on your enterprise's organizational structure. Each IAM user will have their own security credentials for accessing <span class="keyword" id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword427744115576">RDS</span> resources.</li><li id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li68701747447">Grant only the permissions required for users to perform a specific task.</li><li id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li198705476417">Entrust an account or cloud service to perform efficient O&amp;M on your <span class="keyword" id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword8348453572">RDS</span> resources.</li></ul>
<p id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p178709471743">If your account does not require individual IAM users, skip this chapter.</p>
<p id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p118701847544">This section describes the procedure for granting permissions (see <a href="#rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_en-us_topic_0172661625_fig15451536531">Figure 1</a>).</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_en-us_topic_0172661625_section25675773"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><p id="rds_pg_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p539216578140">Learn about the permissions (see <a href="rds_01_0017.html">Permissions Management</a>) supported by RDS and choose policies or roles according to your requirements.For the system policies of other services, see <a href="https://docs.otc.t-systems.com/permissions/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Permissions</a>.</p>

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<h1 class="topictitle1">Exporting DB Instance Information</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section17375927183"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Scenarios</h4><p id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_p16289929784">You can export information about all or selected DB instances to view and analyze DB instance information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section2855205020292"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About All DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_ol181214526292"><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li10812195211293"><span>On the <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b842352706191733">Instances</strong> page, click <span><img id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_image9812185219298" src="en-us_image_0000001145051738.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. By default, information about all DB instances are exported. In the displayed dialog box, you can select the items to be exported and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_uicontrol1674773893191920"><b>Export</b></span>.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17812205262919"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
<div class="section" id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section2855205020292"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About All DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_ol181214526292"><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17616348171"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li146168481712"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li96167481711"><span>Click <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li10812195211293"><span>On the <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b842352706191733">Instances</strong> page, click <span><img id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_image9812185219298" src="en-us_image_0000001145051738.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. By default, information about all DB instances is exported. In the displayed dialog box, you can select the items to be exported and click <span class="uicontrol" id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_uicontrol1674773893191920"><b>Export</b></span>.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li17812205262919"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_section069716213575"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Exporting Information About Selected DB Instances</h4><ol id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_ol97541855161520"><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li91472533312"><span>Log in to the management console.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li814192518333"><span>Click <span><img id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_en-us_topic_0192953815_image192529212293_1" src="en-us_image_0000001191211679.png"></span> in the upper left corner and select a region and a project.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li51452573313"><span>Click <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b171171523153019_1">Service List</strong>. Under <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b111722319302_1">Database</strong>, click <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_rds_modify_instance_name_b15118152363010_1">Relational Database Service</strong>. The RDS console is displayed.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li18677141231919"><span>On the <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b1283915191277">Instances</strong> page, filter DB instances by DB engine, DB instance name, DB instance ID, DB instance tag, and floating IP address, or select the DB instances to be exported, and click <span><img id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_image839812463223" src="en-us_image_0000001191131415.png"></span> in the upper right corner of the page. In the displayed dialog box, select the items to be exported and click <strong id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_b88401919182711">Export</strong>.</span></li><li id="rds_sqlserver_05_0017__rds_05_0017_li325751518279"><span>Find a .csv file locally after the export task is completed.</span></li></ol>
</div>

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<h1 class="topictitle1">Creating a User and Granting Permissions</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><p id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p1586916476416">This chapter describes how to use <a href="https://docs.otc.t-systems.com/usermanual/iam/iam_01_0026.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Identity and Access Management (IAM)</a> for fine-grained permissions management for your <span class="keyword" id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword17281935195710">RDS</span> resources. With IAM, you can:</p>
<ul id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_ul13870114718418"><li id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li7870144710416">Create IAM users for employees based on your enterprise's organizational structure. Each IAM user will have their own security credentials for accessing <span class="keyword" id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword427744115576">RDS</span> resources.</li><li id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li68701747447">Grant only the permissions required for users to perform a specific task.</li><li id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li198705476417">Entrust a account or cloud service to perform efficient O&amp;M on your <span class="keyword" id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword8348453572">RDS</span> resources.</li></ul>
<ul id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_ul13870114718418"><li id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li7870144710416">Create IAM users for employees based on your enterprise's organizational structure. Each IAM user will have their own security credentials for accessing <span class="keyword" id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword427744115576">RDS</span> resources.</li><li id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li68701747447">Grant only the permissions required for users to perform a specific task.</li><li id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_li198705476417">Entrust an account or cloud service to perform efficient O&amp;M on your <span class="keyword" id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_keyword8348453572">RDS</span> resources.</li></ul>
<p id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p178709471743">If your account does not require individual IAM users, skip this chapter.</p>
<p id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p118701847544">This section describes the procedure for granting permissions (see <a href="#rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_en-us_topic_0172661625_fig15451536531">Figure 1</a>).</p>
<div class="section" id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_en-us_topic_0172661625_section25675773"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Prerequisites</h4><p id="rds_sqlserver_07_0002__rds_07_0002_p539216578140">Learn about the permissions (see <a href="rds_01_0017.html">Permissions Management</a>) supported by RDS and choose policies or roles according to your requirements.For the system policies of other services, see <a href="https://docs.otc.t-systems.com/permissions/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Permissions</a>.</p>