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<a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505"></a><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505"></a>
<h1 class="topictitle1">Basic Statements of GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedures</h1>
<div id="body8662426"><div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__section17153123292714"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Variable Definition Statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p1954473313272">This section describes the declaration of variables in the PL/SQL and the scope of this variable in codes.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p15994171612819"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b142121024132814">Variable declaration</strong></p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a32de3764a1c04f93945827d900a79268">For details about the variable declaration syntax, see <a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a">Figure 1</a>.</p>
<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a"></a><a name="f3705e8285f024bfe8ab480866c9fb57a"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 1 </b>declare_variable::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__i553b3276e2954d24a3ce6beca3629ae0" src="figure/en-us_image_0000002040329244.png"></span></div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__ae84948cfc96c4abd97e9a16c03fc31d3">The syntax is described as follows:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__ufacaf3fe4514411e90508e200cf51505"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__l6947add8536d45aa8dbae54d8a65bc0a"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b35135588110554">variable_name</strong> indicates the name of a variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__l2898e39e7e05422a9638d1b476243a70"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b80325403010554">type</strong> indicates the type of a variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__lce7016558f084a968a2ba9c678533d8f"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b1382184117017">value</strong> indicates the initial value of the variable. (If the initial value is not given, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b882116416017">NULL</strong> is taken as the initial value.) <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b197918613810554">value</strong> can also be an expression.</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a47ed789d45a8439eba3954b8006ff565"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b2903488017">Examples</strong></p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__s3972a9231e3c4418966c6503213d11c7"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
<span class="normal">2</span>
<span class="normal">3</span>
<span class="normal">4</span>
<span class="normal">5</span>
<span class="normal">6</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
<span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">7784</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Assign a value to the variable.</span>
<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p56696256452">In addition to the declaration of basic variable types, <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b204201763010554">%TYPE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b19816228210554">%ROWTYPE</strong> can be used to declare variables related to table columns or table structures.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p183515204297"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b17303172912291">%TYPE attribute</strong></p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p166641228154919"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b86556201716">%TYPE</strong> declares a variable to be of the same data type as a previously declared variable (for example, a column in a table). For example, if you want to define a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b297222612110">my_name</strong> variable that has the same data type as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b189721526911">firstname</strong> column in the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b179732266112">employee</strong> table, you can define the variable as follows:</p>
<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__screen3617174611418">my_name employee.firstname%TYPE</pre>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p931205175618">In this way, you can declare <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b101573321119">my_name</strong> even if you do not know the data type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b915713321120">firstname</strong> in <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b8157032815">employee</strong>, and the data type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b1129253911118">my_name</strong> can be automatically updated when the data type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b1229253915114">firstname</strong> changes.</p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p51569383295"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b14702194619298">%ROWTYPE attribute</strong></p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p1777215718594"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b13366184617118">%ROWTYPE</strong> declares data types of a set of data. It stores a row of table data or results fetched from a cursor. For example, if you want to define a set of data with the same column names and column data types as the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b1343625212117">employee</strong> table, you can define the data as follows:</p>
<pre class="screen" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__screen15104128204217">my_employee employee%ROWTYPE</pre>
<div class="notice" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__n24f4c41ebd164e7a983b708e1e5fb2e0"><span class="noticetitle"><img src="public_sys-resources/notice_3.0-en-us.png"> </span><div class="noticebody"><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a677c52d3b44c4c49a5f41edd9993caa9">If multiple CNs are used, the <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b021111515217">%ROWTYPE</strong> and <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b72118151629">%TYPE</strong> attributes of temporary tables cannot be declared in a stored procedure, because a temporary table is valid only in the current session and is invisible to other CNs in the compilation phase. In this case, a message is displayed indicating that the temporary table does not exist.</p>
</div></div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p1525716518307"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b1491331014305">Variable scope</strong></p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a5b2baf69095e4ec585dec0d036df830a">The scope of a variable indicates the accessibility and availability of a variable in code block. In other words, a variable takes effect only within its scope.</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__u87369c94e5fa40d3a5a61cc325e82b69"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__lef3a8f1114d44008af46a9831bb53673">To define a function scope, a variable must declare and create a <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b74295039810554">BEGIN-END</strong> block in the declaration section. The necessity of such declaration is also determined by block structure, which requires that a variable has different scopes and lifetime during a process.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__le6e5ddfa147b4932b6ce4b845a4a69a3">A variable can be defined multiple times in different scopes, and inner definition can cover outer one.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__lc05cb40ad4d4484f82fd6415518ddc31">A variable defined in an outer block can also be used in a nested block. However, the outer block cannot access variables in the nested block.</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a394ce2b1018c44a1885b6942c5e8de78"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b5852122314514">Examples</strong></p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__s9f10997b0e1d402d8e68d9f414cec621"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
<span class="normal"> 2</span>
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<span class="normal">14</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">outer_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6688</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
<span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7799</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inner_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6688</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Define a variable and assign a value to it.</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'inner emp_id ='</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Display the value as 7799.</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'outer_var ='</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">outer_var</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Cite variables of an outer block.</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'outer emp_id ='</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- Display the value as 7788.</span>
<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__section1966554953013"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Assignment Statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p2471552193019"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b895219413312">Syntax</strong></p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__ad9da45e4986347ae95518bd8564ecc31"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__fbc103680b1964ce3bf8a16e5e9076438">Figure 2</a> shows the syntax diagram for assigning a value to a variable.</p>
<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__fbc103680b1964ce3bf8a16e5e9076438"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__fbc103680b1964ce3bf8a16e5e9076438"></a><a name="fbc103680b1964ce3bf8a16e5e9076438"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 2 </b>assignment_value::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__id519a13234184fc3a07f06b0bcfa583d" src="figure/en-us_image_0000002040170940.png"></span></div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a86da7c4a5bda49ac8f8d597598c4d465">The syntax is described as follows:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__u7102c00c0c934f0080d76b37f79f39ad"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__l424d81c1b02d4809bc4cdddd9d3d89ab"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b7039239310554">variable_name</strong> indicates the name of a variable.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__l7028852460034f18a29275130b53abee"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b168855006910554">value</strong> can be a value or an expression. The type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b58817849610554">value</strong> must be compatible with the type of <strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b62218198210554">variable_name</strong>.</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p13550429163013"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b1433019201757">Examples</strong></p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__saeddcca699ce4d7abedda007c4b20792"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>
<span class="normal">2</span>
<span class="normal">3</span>
<span class="normal">4</span>
<span class="normal">5</span>
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<span class="normal">7</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="k">DECLARE</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7788</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Assignment</span>
<span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Assignment</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emp_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">7784</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__section14349043123111"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Call Statement</h4><p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p238934613316"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b11517193216">Syntax</strong></p>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a6a91b3a2e1c44f1aac62061fc98117f8"><a href="#EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e">Figure 3</a> shows the syntax diagram for calling a clause.</p>
<div class="fignone" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e"><a name="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e"></a><a name="f299fb9795429468ea45fe86a41dbca6e"></a><span class="figcap"><b>Figure 3 </b>call_clause::=</span><br><span><img id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__icbcfb303148a424bb96a82b2ac42b673" src="figure/en-us_image_0000002076330085.png"></span></div>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__a13ab19fe6525436db4a5bc3fc35527ba">The syntax is described as follows:</p>
<ul id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__u9e21cd14da5645ebaa77c22872f68a20"><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__l293a3ddd6e2844f295345268ee1b8710"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b191402401910554">procedure_name</strong> specifies the name of a stored procedure.</li><li id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__l1d1d9f830a3b4f93b3bf179c112e092e"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b44824562510554">parameter</strong> specifies the parameters for the stored procedure. You can set no parameter or multiple parameters.</li></ul>
<p id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__p1645812517321"><strong id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__b10854723956">Examples</strong></p>
<div class="codecoloring" codetype="Sql" id="EN-US_TOPIC_0000001811609505__s2b5fc2839e354bc395af945d3c84e693"><div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal"> 1</span>
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<span class="normal">50</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Create the stored procedure proc_staffs:</span>
<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_staffs</span>
<span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">section</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">salary_sum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">staffs_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">IS</span>
<span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">salary</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">salary_sum</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">staffs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">where</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">section</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">/</span>
<span class="c1">-- Create the stored procedure proc_return:</span>
<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_return</span>
<span class="k">AS</span>
<span class="n">v_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NUMBER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">v_sum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<span class="n">proc_staffs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_sum</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v_num</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Invoke a statement:</span>
<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v_sum</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="n">v_num</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Return a statement.</span>
<span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">/</span>
<span class="c1">-- Invoke a stored procedure proc_return:</span>
<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_return</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="c1">-- Delete a stored procedure:</span>
<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_staffs</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">proc_return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">--Create the function func_return.</span>
<span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">void</span>
<span class="k">language</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">plpgsql</span>
<span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span>
<span class="k">DECLARE</span>
<span class="n">v_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">INTEGER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<span class="n">dbms_output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v_num</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">RETURN</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">--Return a statement.</span>
<span class="k">END</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">$$</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">-- Invoke the function func_return.</span>
<span class="k">CALL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_return</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1">-- Delete the function:</span>
<span class="k">DROP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FUNCTION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">func_return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
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<div class="familylinks">
<div class="parentlink"><strong>Parent topic:</strong> <a href="dws_04_0512.html">GaussDB(DWS) Stored Procedure</a></div>
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